RADON REGULATION CRISIS IN RUSSIA: SCALE OF THE PROBLEM AND PROPOSALS FOR REMEDIATION
Abstract and keywords
Abstract (English):
Among the many accumulated challenges, radon mitigation measures for existing buildings are not still carried out in Russia that, combined with the use of an inadequate method for indoor radon measurements, has led to stagnation and crisis of the radon regulation system. To overcome the crisis, a ranking of buildings and responsibility distribution in radon control, including theses on updating the national norms and regulations for ensuring radiation safety, as well as nine priority activities of the radon action plan are proposed in accordance with IAEA requirements.

Keywords:
radon, buildings, dose, risk, reference level, radon control, regulation, measurements, indoor radon mitigation, population, national action plan, radon problem
Text
Publication text (PDF): Read Download
References

1. Barkovskiy A.N., Ahmatdinov R.R., Ahmatdinov R.R. i dr. Radiacionnaya obstanovka na territorii Rossiyskoy Federacii v 2021 godu. Spravochnik, SPb, 2022. 72 s. URL: http://niirg.ru/PDF/ inf_sbor/2021.pdf (data obrascheniya - 17.01.2024).

2. A. Cincinelli, T. Martellini «Indoor air quality and health», International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. № 14 (11), pp. 1286, 2017.

3. WHO, Housing and Health Guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2018. ISBN 978-92-4155037-6.

4. ICRP Publication 126. Radiological Protection against Radon Exposure. Ann. ICRP, vol. 43, no. 3, 2014. Trudy MKRZ. Radiologicheskaya zaschita ot oblucheniya radonom. Perevod publikacii 126. MKRZ. M.: izd-vo «FGBU GNC FMBC im. A.I. Burnazyana FMBA Rossii», 2015, 88 s. ISBN 9785-9035926-06-8.

5. IAEA Safety Standards Series no. GSR, part 3. Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources: International Basic Safety Standards. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 2014. Seriya norm bezopasnosti MAGATE, № GSR, part 3. Radiacionnaya zaschita i bezopasnost' istochnikov izlucheniya: Mezhdunarodnye osnovnye normy bezopasnosti. MAGATE, Vena, 2015. STI/PUB/1578.

6. SanPiN 2.6.1.2523-09. Normy radiacionnoy bezopasnosti (NRB-99/2009). Utverzhdeny Postanovleniem Glavnogo gosudarstvennogo sanitarnogo vracha Rossiyskoy Federacii G.G. Onischenko ot 07.07.2009 № 47.

7. Sanitarnye pravila i normativy SP 2.6.1.2612-10. Osnovnye sanitarnye pravila obespecheniya radiacionnoy bezopasnosti OSPORB-99/2010. Utverzhdeny Postanovleniem Glavnogo gosudarstvennogo sanitarnogo vracha Rossiyskoy Federacii ot 26.04.2010, № 40 (v red. Izmeneniy № 1, utv. Postanovleniem Glavnogo gosudarstvennogo sanitarnogo vracha RF ot 16.09.2013 № 43).

8. Samoylov A.S., Kochetkov O.A., Klochkov V.N., Barchukov V.G., Shinkarev S.M. Osnovnye napravleniya sovershenstvovaniya deystvuyuschih norm i pravil obespecheniya radiacionnoy bezopasnosti. Chast' 1. Masshtab problemy i puti ee resheniya//Medicinskaya radiologiya i radiacionnaya bezopasnost'. 2023. T. 68. № 4. S. 14-19. DOIhttps://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-4-14-19.

9. Romanovich I.K., Vodovatov A.V., Biblin A.M., Kormanovskaya T.A. K probleme sovershenstvovaniya zakonodatel'nogo i normativnogo obespecheniya radiacionnoy bezopasnosti naseleniya//Radiacionnaya gigiena. 2022. T. 15, № 1. S. 88-95. DOI:https://doi.org/10.21514/1998-426H-2022-15-1-88-95.

10. Romanovich I.K., Kormanovskaya T.A., Kononenko D.V. K obosnovaniyu izmeneniy v normirovanii soderzhaniya radona v vozduhe pomescheniy//Zdorov'e naseleniya i sreda obitaniya. 2019. № 6 (315). S. 42-48.

11. Capalov A.A., Kiselev S.M., Kovler K.L., Miklyaev P.S., Petrova T.B., Zhukovskiy M.V., Yarmoshenko I.V., Marennyy A.M., Tutel'yan O.E., Kuvshinnikov S.I. Standartizaciya kontrolya radona v zdaniyah na osnove racional'nogo kriteriya ocenki sootvetstviya//Radiacionnaya gigiena. 2023. T. 16, № 4. S. 84-104. DOI:https://doi.org/10.21514/1998-426X-2023-16-4-84-104.

12. Kononenko D.V. Analiz vozmozhnostey i putey povysheniya zainteresovannosti naseleniya v obespechenii sobstvennoy radiacionnoy bezopasnosti pri obluchenii radonom//Radiacionnaya gigiena: itogi i perspektivy. Sbornik nauchnyh trudov Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferencii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem. 18 maya 2022 goda. SPb.: izd-vo SZGMU im. I.I. Mechnikova, 2022. S. 55-57. ISBN 978-5-89588-403-4.

13. Materialy radonovogo obsledovaniya detskih uchrezhdeniy g. Lermontov v otopitel'nyy period 2016-2017 gg. i teplyy period 2017 g.//Otchet o NIR «Provedenie analiticheskih issledovaniy, planirovanie i organizaciya vypolneniya zadach po sovershenstvovaniyu kontrolya i snizheniya vliyaniya ob'ektov yadernogo nasledovaniya na sredu obitaniya lyudey» po Gos. kontraktu № 21.006.16.2 ot 18 maya 2016 g. FGUP NTC RHBG FMBA Rossii, Kniga 2, Prilozhenie A - M, 2018.

14. Provedenie detal'nogo obsledovaniya treh detskih uchrezhdeniy v g. Lermontov (shkola № 1, detskiy sad № 13, centr tvorchestva «Raduga»). Otchet o NIR po Dogovoru s FGUP NTC RHBG FMBA Rossii № 03/NIR ot 22.05.18 na temu: «Provedenie issledovaniy po identifikacii istochnikov radona v vybrannyh detskih uchrezhdeniyah g. Lermontov s naibolee vysokim soderzhaniem radona», etap 2/avt.: A.A.Capalov. M., 2018.

15. Svetovidov A.V., Venkov V.A., Gorskiy G.A. Opyt provedeniya radonozaschitnyh meropriyatiy v ekspluatiruemyh zdaniyah//Radiacionnaya gigiena. 2009. T. 2, № 4. S. 35-39.

16. Lyaginskaya A.M., Shandala N.K., Titov A.V., Metlyaev E.G., Kupcov V.V., Karelina E.M. Zabolevaemost' detskogo naseleniya g. Lermontov, raspolozhennogo v rayone «uranovogo nasleniya»//Medicinskaya radiologiya i radiacionnaya bezopasnost'. 2021. № 66 (5). S. 78-84. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/10246177-2021-66-5-78-84.

17. Paholkina O.A., Zhukovskiy M.V., Yarmoshenko I.V., Lezhnin V.L., Vereyko S.P. Issledovanie svyazi raka legkogo s professional'no-bytovym oblucheniem radonom v gorode Lermontov po principu sluchay-kontrol'//Radiacionnaya biologiya. Radioekologiya. 2011. № 51 (6). S. 705-714.

18. Mezhregional'noe Upravlenie № 101 FMBA Rossii, g. Lermontov. Doklad «O sostoyanii sanitarno-epidemiologicheskogo blagopoluchiya naseleniya v gorode Lermontove Stavropol'skogo kraya v 2017 godu». Analiz deyatel'nosti po razdelu raboty - radiacionnaya bezopasnost' i gigiena truda za 2017 god.

19. MU 2.6.1.2838-11. Radiacionnyy kontrol' i sanitarno-epidemiologicheskaya ocenka zhilyh, obschestvennyh i proizvodstvennyh zdaniy i sooruzheniy posle okonchaniya ih stroitel'stva, kapital'nogo remonta, rekonstrukcii po pokazatelyam radiacionnoy bezopasnosti. Metodicheskie ukazaniya. Utverzhdeny Glavnym gosudarstvennym sanitarnym vrachom Rossiyskoy Federacii 28.01.2011.

20. IAEA Safety Standards Series no. SSG-32. Protection of the public against exposure indoors due to radon and other natural sources of radiation. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 2015. STI/PUB/1651.

21. Kononenko D.V. Analiz raspredeleniy znacheniy ob'emnoy aktivnosti radona v vozduhe pomescheniy v sub'ektah Rossiyskoy Federacii//Radiacionnaya gigiena. 2019. T. 12, № 1. S. 85-103. DOI:https://doi.org/10.21514/1998-426H-2019-12-1-85-103.

22. Barkovskiy A.N., Baryshkov N.K., Bratilova A.N., Kormanovskaya T.A., Repin L.V., Romanovich I.K., Stepanov V.S., Titova T.N. Dozy oblucheniya naseleniya Rossiyskoy Federacii v 2015 godu. Informacionnyy sbornik NIIRG. Sankt-Peterburg, 2016. 73 s

23. Zhukovskiy M.V., Yarmoshenko I.V., Onischenko A.D., Malinovskiy G.P., Vasil'ev A.V., Nazarov E.I. Ocenka urovney soderzhaniya radona v mnogoetazhnyh zdaniyah na primere vos'mi krupnyh gorodov Rossii//Radiacionnaya gigiena. 2022. T. 15, № 1. S. 47-58. DOI:https://doi.org/10.21514/1998- 426X-2022-15-1-47-58.

24. Marennyy A.M., Savkin M.N., Shinkarev S.M. Model' dlya ocenki kollektivnoy dozy oblucheniya naseleniya Rossii ot radona//ANRI. 1999. № 4(19). S. 4-11.

25. Yarmoshenko I.V., Malinovskiy G.P., Vasil'ev A.V., Zhukovskiy M.V. Vosstanovlenie formy i parametrov raspredeleniya ob'emnoy aktivnosti radona v zhilischah Rossii na osnove dannyh4-DOZ//ANRI. 2015. № 3 (82). S. 41-46.

26. UNSCEAR, 2006. Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Volume I: Report to the General Assembly Scientific Annexes A and B (UNSCEAR 2006 Report). United Nations publication, New York (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation).

27. Kiselev S.M., Stamat I.P., Marennyy A.M., Il'in L.A. Radon: problemy i puti resheniya// Gigiena i sanitariya. 2018. № 97(2). DOI:https://doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-2.

28. Kiselev S.M., Zhukovskiy M.V., Stamat I.P., Yarmoshenko I.V. Radon: Ot fundamental'nyh issledovaniy k praktike regulirovaniya. M.: izd-vo «FGBU GNC FMBC im. A.I. Burnazyana FMBA Rossii», 2016. 432 c.

29. Informacionnyy portal o zhilom fonde v RF. URL: https://dom.mingkh.ru/ (data obrascheniya: 29.05.2023).

30. Deti v Rossii. 2009: Stat. sb./YuNISEF, Rosstat. M.: IIC «Statistika Rossii», 2009. 121 s. ISBN 978-5-902339-87-8.

31. Sayt Federal'noy celevoy programmy «Yadernaya i radiacionnaya bezopasnost' na 2016-2020 gg. i na period do 2035 g.». URL: https://fcp-yarb.rf/about/overview/ (data obrascheniya: 17.01.2024).

32. Nacional'naya radonovaya strategiya v SShA na 2021-2025 gody. [The US National Radon Action Plan 2021-2025]. URL: http://www.radonleaders.org/sites/default/files/2022-01/NRAP-2021-2025- Action-Plan-508.pdf (data obrascheniya: 17.01.2024).

33. S.M. Khan, G. James, D.R. Krewski, «Radon interventions around the globe. A systematic review.», Heliyon, no. 5 (5), May, 2019.

34. IAEA-TECDOC-1951. Protection against exposure due to radon indoors and gamma radiation from construction materials. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 2021. IAEA TECDOC series,ISSN 1011-4289, no. 1951. ISBN 978-92-0-105621-4 (pdf).

35. SP 321.1325800.2017. Zdaniya zhilye i obschestvennye. Pravila proektirovaniya protivoradonovoy zaschity. Svod pravil SP 321.1325800.2017. Utverzhden Prikazom Ministerstva stroitel'stva i zhilischno-kommunal'nogo hozyaystva Rossiyskoy Federacii (Minstroy Rossii) ot 5 dekabrya 2017 g.,№ №1616/pr i vveden v deystvie s 6 iyunya 2018.

36. URL: https://homeimprovementcents.com/radon-mitigation-a-cost-guide/ (data obrascheniya: 17.01.2024).

37. https://nucleus.iaea.org/sites/orpnet/home/Shared%20Documents/T2-Warkentin-Radon-in- Canada.pdf (data obrascheniya: 17.01.2024).

38. EU-BSS, Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom. Laying down basic safety standards for protection against the dangers arising from exposure to ionizing radiation and repealing directives 89/618, 90/641, 96/29, 97/43 and 2003/122/Euroatom // Official Journal of the European Union, L13. 2014.

39. Marennyy A.M., Capalov A.A, Miklyaev P.S., Petrova T.B. Zakonomernosti formirovaniya radonovogo polya v geologicheskoy srede. M.: izdatel'stvo «Pero» (ISBN 978-5-906883-94-0), 2016, 394 c.

40. MU 2.6.1.2398-08. Radiacionnyy kontrol' i sanitarno-epidemiologicheskaya ocenka zemel'nyh uchastkov pod stroitel'stvo zhilyh domov, zdaniy i sooruzheniy obschestvennogo i proizvodstvennogo naznacheniya v chasti obespecheniya radiacionnoy bezopasnosti. Metodicheskie ukazaniya. SPb., 2008.

41. MU 2.6.1.038-2015. Ocenka potencial'noy radonoopasnosti zemel'nyh uchastkov pod stroitel'stvo zhilyh, obschestvennyh i proizvodstvennyh zdaniy. Metodicheskie ukazaniya. Utverzhdeny i vvedeny v deystvie Federal'nym mediko-biologicheskim agentstvom 14.05.2015. M.: fondy FGUP NTC RHBG. 2015. 28 s.

42. SP 47.13330.2016. Inzhenernye izyskaniya dlya stroitel'stva. Osnovnye polozheniya. Aktualizirovannaya redakciya SNiP 11-02-96. Utverzhden Prikazom Ministerstva stroitel'stva i zhilischno-kommunal'nogo hozyaystva Rossiyskoy Federacii (Minstroy Rossii) ot 30 dekabrya 2016 g. № 1033/pr i vveden v deystvie s 1 iyulya 2017 g.

43. Gubin A.T. Otchet o NIR «Formirovanie osnovnyh polozheniy nacional'nogo plana deystviy po obespecheniyu radonobezopasnosti naseleniya Rossii. Kontrakt № 11-11-02 ot 01 iyunya 2011 g.// FGUP Nauchno-tehnicheskiy centr radiacionno-himicheskoy bezopasnosti i gigieny. 2011.

44. Stamat I.P. Otchet o NIR «Metodicheskoe obespechenie regulirovaniya radonobezopasnosti naselenniya. Razrabotka i obosnovanie osnovnyh polozheniy metodicheskih ukazaniy po formirovaniyu regional'nyh celevyh programm, napravlennyh na obespechenie radonobezopasnosti naseleniya Rossii». Kontrakt № 20-3-14-2012 ot 13 avgusta 2012 g//FBUN Nauchno-issledovatel'skiy institut radiacionnoy gigieny im. prof. P.V. Ramzaeva. SPb. 2012.

45. Stamat I.P. Otchet o NIR «Razrabotka predlozheniy po formirovaniyu nacional'nogo plana deystviy v chasti sovershenstvovaniya infrastruktury regulirovaniya radonobezopasnosti naseleniya». Kontrakt № 31401099476 ot 25.04.2014 g. FBUN Nauchno-issledovatel'skiy institut radiacionnoy gigieny im. prof. P.V. Ramzaeva. SPb, 2014.

46. Stamat I.P. Otchet o NIR «Informacionno-analiticheskoe soprovozhdenie rabot po sovershenstvovaniyu nacional'noy strategii obespecheniya zaschity naseleniya ot prirodnyh istochnikov oblucheniya» Kontrakt № 31502244842-43 ot 10.04.2015 g. FBUN Nauchno-issledovatel'skiy institut radiacionnoy gigieny im. prof. P.V. Ramzaeva. SPb., 2015.

47. A. Tsapalov, K. Kovler, «Short- versus long-term tests of indoor radon for risk assessment by MonteCarlo method towards effective measurement strategy», Indoor Air. 2022; 32:e13166. DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1111/ina.13166.

48. A. Tsapalov, K. Kovler, M. Shpak et al. «Involving schoolchildren in radon surveys by means of the «RadonTest» online system», Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 2020. 217:106215.

49. GOST 30108-94. Materialy i izdeliya stroitel'nye. Opredelenie udel'noy effektivnoy aktivnosti estestvennyh radionuklidov. Vveden v deystvie 01.01.1995. Data posledney aktualizacii 01.07.2023.

50. WHO guidelines for indoor air quality: selected pollutants. Geneva: World Health Organization 2010. ISBN 978-92-890-0213-4.

51. https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/900009 (data obrascheniya: 17.01.2024).

Login or Create
* Forgot password?