Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
UDC 504.3.054
UDC 539.16.04
UDC 629.039.58
A correct approach to the formation of an optimal list of controlled (subject to limitation) radionuclides in airborne discharges from nuclear facilities into the atmosphere has been developed and substantiated based on sample values of random variables (volumetric activities of radionuclides) obtained as a result of a series of experiments, considering the requirements of regulatory documents. The peculiarity of the proposed approach is the full involvement in the decision-making process of the results of measurements of the values of the controlled quantity, located both within the measurement range and beyond the lower limit of this range, regulated by the methods and means of measurement, as well as indicators of the reliability of radiation monitoring.
radioactive substances, airborne discharges, limitation of airborne discharges, atmospheric air, nuclear facilities, radiation monitoring
1. Ob utverzhdenii perechnya zagryaznyayuschih veschestv, v otnoshenii kotoryh primenyayutsya mery gosudarstvennogo regulirovaniya v oblasti ohrany okruzhayuschey sredy i priznanii utrativshimi silu nekotoryh postanovleniy Pravitel'stva RF: rasporyazhenie Pravitel'stva RF ot 20.10.2023 № 2909-r.
2. Metodika razrabotki i ustanovleniya normativov predel'no dopustimyh vybrosov radioaktivnyh veschestv v atmosfernyy vozduh (PDV-2012): utv. prikazom Rostehnadzora ot 07.11.2012 № 639.
3. Commission recommendation of 18 December 2003 on standardized information on radioactive airborne and liquid discharges into the environment from nuclear power reactors and reprocessing plants in normal operation (2004/2/Euratom), Official journal of the European Union, no. 6.1.2004, pp. 36-46, 2004.
4. INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Clearance of materials resulting from the use of radionuclides in medicine, industry and research, IAEA-TECDOC-1000, IAEA, Vienna, 1998.
5. Kuryndin A.V., Shapovalov A.S., Stroganov A.A., Orlov M.Yu., Timofeev N.B., Korshunkov A.V., Polyakov R.M., Nikitin D.A. Metodicheskoe posobie po voprosam regulirovaniya vybrosov i sbrosov radioaktivnyh veschestv v okruzhayuschuyu sredu: 2-e izdanie, pererabotannoe i dopolnennoe. Trudy «NTC YaRB». M.: FBU «NTC YaRB», 2023. 449 s.
6. Rukovodstvo po bezopasnosti pri ispol'zovanii atomnoy energii. Rekomenduemye metody rascheta parametrov, neobhodimyh dlya razrabotki i ustanovleniya normativov predel'no dopustimyh vybrosov radioaktivnyh veschestv v atmosfernyy vozduh. RB-106-21: utv. prikazom Rostehnadzora ot 30.08.2021 № 288.
7. SP 2.6.1.2612-10. Osnovnye sanitarnye pravila obespecheniya radiacionnoy bezopasnosti. OSPORB-99/2010. Utv. postanovleniem Glavnogo gosudarstvennogo sanitarnogo vracha RF ot 26.04.2010 № 40.
8. Metrologicheskie trebovaniya k izmereniyam, etalonam edinic velichin, standartnym obrazcam, sredstvam izmereniy, ih sostavnym chastyam, programmnomu obespecheniyu, metodikam (metodam) izmereniy, primenyaemyh v oblasti ispol'zovaniya atomnoy energii. Utv. prikazom Goskorporacii «Rosatom» ot 31.10.2013 № 1/10-NPA.
9. MI 2453-2015. Rekomendaciya. Gosudarstvennaya sistema obespecheniya edinstva izmereniy. Metodiki radiacionnogo kontrolya. Obschie trebovaniya. v deystvie prikazom Rosstandarta ot 13.03.2014 № 138-st, vveden vpervye. Data vvedeniya 01.07.2015. 01.07.2015. M.: Standartinform, 2014
10. GOST 8.638-2013. Mezhgosudarstvennyy standart. Gosudarstvennaya sistema obespecheniya edinstva i z m e r e n i y . M e t r o l o g i ch e s k o e o b e s p e ch e n i e r a d i a c i o n n o g o k o n t r o l ya . O s n o v n y e p o l o zh e n i ya . V v e d e n v deystvie prikazom Rosstandarta ot 13.03.2014 № 138-st, vveden vpervye. Data vvedeniya 01.07.2015. 01.07.2015. M.: Standartinform, 2014..
11. Rekomendacii po mezhgosudarstvennoy standartizacii. Gosudarstvennaya sistema obespecheniya edinstva izmereniy. Metrologiya. Osnovnye terminy i opredeleniya. RMG 29-2013. Vvedeny v deystvie prikazom Rosstandarta ot 05.12.2013 № 2166-st.
12. GOST 34100.3-2017/ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008. Mezhgosudarstvennyy standart. Neopredelennost' izmereniya. Chast' 3. Rukovodstvo po vyrazheniyu neopredelennosti izmereniya. Vveden v deystvie prikazom Rosstandarta ot 12.09.2017 № 1065-st, vveden vpervye. Data vvedeniya 01.09.2018. M.: Standartinform, 2017.
13. Viktorov L.V., Denisov E.I., Kuncevich G.A., Petrov V.L., Shein A.S. Osobennosti opredeleniya minimal'noy detektiruemoy aktivnosti Isaev A.G., Babenko V.V., Kazimirov A.S., Grishin S.N., Ievlev S.M. Minimal'naya detektiruemaya aktivnost'. Osnovnye ponyatiya i opredeleniya//ANRI. 2010. № 2(61). S. 15-20.
14. Helstrom K. Statisticheskaya teoriya obnaruzheniya signalov. M.: Izdatel'stvo inostrannoy literatury, 1963. ANRI / № 4 (123) 2025 15/ NAUChNYE STAT'I /
15. A. Lloyd Currie, «Limits for qualitative detection and quantitative determination», Analytical Chemistry, vol. 40, no. 3, 1968, pp. 586-593.
16. ISO 11929-4:2022(E) Determination of the characteristic limits (decision threshold, detection limit and limits of the coverage interval) for measurements of ionizing radiation – Fundamentals and application – Part 4: Guidelines to applications, ISO, 2022.
17. Ob utverzhdenii Rukovodstva po validacii analiticheskih metodik provedeniya ispytaniy lekarstvennyh sredstv: reshenie Kollegii Evraziyskoy ekonomicheskoy komissii ot 17.07.2018 № 113.
18. GOST IEC 62321-7-1-2022. Mezhgosudarstvennyy standart. Opredelenie reglamentirovannyh veschestv v elektrotehnicheskih izdeliyah. Chast' 7-1. Hrom shestivalentnyy. Opredelenie hroma shestivalentnogo Cr(VI) v zaschitnyh pokrytiyah metallov kolorimetricheskim metodom. Vveden v deystvie prikazom Rosstandarta ot 03.04.2024 № 402-st, vveden vpervye, data vvedeniya 01.07.2025. M.: FGBU «Institut standartizacii», 2024.
19. Rekomendacii po mezhgosudarstvennoy standartizacii. Gosudarstvennaya sistema obespecheniya edinstva izmereniy. Pokazateli tochnosti, pravil'nosti, precizionnosti metodik kolichestvennogo himicheskogo analiza. Metody ocenki. RMG 61-2010. Vvedeny v deystvie prikazom Rosstandarta ot 13.12.2011 № 1064-st.
20. INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, IAEA Nuclear safety and security glossary. Terminology used in nuclear safety, nuclear security, radiation protection and emergency preparedness and response 2022 (Interim) edition, IAEA, Vienna, 2022.
21. INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Environmental and source monitoring for purposes of radiation protection, IAEA Safety Standards Series No. RS-G-1.8, IAEA, Vienna, 2005.
22. INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Determination and interpretation of characteristic limits for radioactivity measurements, IAEA Analytical Quality in Nuclear Applications Series. № 48, IAEA, Vienna, 2017.
23. SanPiN 2.6.1.2523-09. Normy radiacionnoy bezopasnosti. NRB-99/2009. Utv. postanovleniem Glavnogo gosudarstvennogo vracha RF ot 07.07.2009 № 47.



