ANRI ANRI АНРИ (Аппаратура и Новости Радиационных Измерений) 2075-1338 99809 10.37414/2075-1338-2025-121-2-17-31 Научные статьи Scientific article Научные статьи Solid-State Detectors of Optical Signals and Radiation. Part 2.1. Basic Characteristics and Figures of Merit Твердотельные детекторы оптических сигналов и радиации. Часть 2.1. Основные характеристики и показатели качества Виноградов С. Л. Vinogradov S. L.

кандидат физико-математических наук;

candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Физический институт им. П.Н. Лебедева РАН Москва Россия P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation 16 06 2025 16 06 2025 2 17 31 15 06 2025 https://doza.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/99809/view

Во второй части обзора твердотельных детекторов рассматриваются основные фотоприемные характеристики фотодетекторов и обобщенные показатели их качества детектирования, а также конкурентность разных типов детекторов на основе этих показателей. Поскольку во всех актуальных прикладных задачах детектируемый сигнал представлен случайным числом оптических фотонов или частиц высокой энергии, в обзоре акцентируется связь этих характеристик с вероятностным описанием случайных процессов формирования сигнала и шума детектирования. Основное внимание уделяется лавинным фотодиодам и кремниевым фотоумножителям, которые являются наиболее чувствительными и потому наиболее востребованными твердотельными детекторами малофотонных оптических сигналов и радиации.

The second part of the review of solid-state detectors considers the main photoreception characteristics of photodetectors and generalized indicators of their detection quality, as well as the competitiveness of different types of detectors based on these indicators. Since in all relevant applied problems the detected signal is represented by a random number of optical photons or high-energy particles, the review emphasizes the relationship of these characteristics with the probabilistic description of random processes of signal formation and detection noise. The main attention is paid to avalanche photodiodes and silicon photomultipliers, which are the most sensitive and therefore the most popular solid-state detectors of low-photon optical signals and radiation.

 фотодиод лавинный фотодиод ЛФД кремниевый фотоумножитель энергетическое разрешение временное разрешение квантовая эффективность детектирования photodiode avalanche photodiode APD silicon photomultiplier SiPM energy resolution time resolution quantum efficiency

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