<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ANRI</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">ANRI</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>АНРИ (Аппаратура и Новости Радиационных Измерений)</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2075-1338</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">92296</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37414/2075-1338-2024-119-4-43-58</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Научные статьи</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Scientific article</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Научные статьи</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Fukushima. The Danger of Re-Criticality of Destroyed Fuel</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Фукусима. Опасность повторной критичности разрушенного топлива</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Боровой</surname>
       <given-names>А. А.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Borovoy</surname>
       <given-names>A. A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Гаврилов</surname>
       <given-names>С. Л.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Gavrilov</surname>
       <given-names>S. L.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Хвощинский</surname>
       <given-names>В. А.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Hvoschinskiy</surname>
       <given-names>V. A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Центр «Курчатовский институт»</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center Kurchatov Institute (NRC KI)</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт проблем безопасного развития атомной энергетики Российской академии наук (ИБРАЭ РАН)</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Nuclear Safety Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт проблем безопасного развития атомной энергетики Российской академии наук (ИБРАЭ РАН)</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Nuclear Safety Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-19T22:57:41+03:00">
    <day>19</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-19T22:57:41+03:00">
    <day>19</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <fpage>43</fpage>
   <lpage>58</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-19T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>19</day>
     <month>12</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://doza.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/92296/view">https://doza.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/92296/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>При аварии на трех блоках АЭС Фукусима-1 расплав материалов активной зоны (кориум) разрушил нижнюю часть корпуса реакторов, и часть его пролилась на конструкции, находящиеся в контейнменте. В результате образовались скопления топливосодержащих материалов (ТСМ). Как кориум, оставшийся в корпусах реакторов, так и ТСМ, могут представлять опасность при возникновении повторной критичности. Это особенно важно учитывать при работах по извлечению их из аварийных блоков. В настоящей работе рассматриваются меры по ядерной безопасности, принимаемые и планируемые в работах по ЛПА на АЭС Фукусима-1.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>During the accident at three units of the Fukushima-1 Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) the melt of the core materials (corium) destroyed the lower part of the reactor vessels, and some of the corium spilled onto the structures in the containment. As a result, accumulations of FuelContaining Materials (FCM) were formed. In the event of re-criticality both the corium remaining in the reactor vessels and FCM may pose a hazard. Thus when extracting them from damaged NPP units, such hazards must be dully accounted for.&#13;
The paper focuses on nuclear safety measures both taken and planned in the elimination of the Fukushima-1 NPP accident consequences</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>АЭС Фукусима-1</kwd>
    <kwd>топливосодержащие материалы</kwd>
    <kwd>повторная критичность</kwd>
    <kwd>извлечение топлива</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>Fukushima-1 Nuclear Power Plant (NPP)</kwd>
    <kwd>Fuel-Containing Materials (FCM)</kwd>
    <kwd>Recriticality</kwd>
    <kwd>Fuel Extraction</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Боровой А.А., Велихов Е.П. Опыт Чернобыля, часть 1. М.: НИЦ «Курчатовский институт», 2012. 168 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borovoy A.A., Velihov E.P. Opyt Chernobylya, chast' 1. M.: NIC «Kurchatovskiy institut», 2012. 168 s.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">K. Nishihara, H. Iwamoto, K., Suyama Estimation of fuel compositions in Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power plant, JAEA-DATA/CODE–2012-018. Tokai, Ibaraki (Japan): Japan Atomic Energy Agency.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">K. Nishihara, H. Iwamoto, K., Suyama Estimation of fuel compositions in Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power plant, JAEA-DATA/CODE–2012-018. Tokai, Ibaraki (Japan): Japan Atomic Energy Agency.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">F. Tanabe, «Analysis of Core Melt Accident in Fukushima Daiichi-Unit 1», Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, vol. 8, pp. 1135-1139, 2011.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">F. Tanabe, «Analysis of Core Melt Accident in Fukushima Daiichi-Unit 1», Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, vol. 8, pp. 1135-1139, 2011.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">M.L. Susie Hardie, G. Ian McKinley et. al., «Management options for Fukushima corium», Рrogress in Nuclear Energy, no. 92, pp. 260-266, 2012.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">M.L. Susie Hardie, G. Ian McKinley et. al., «Management options for Fukushima corium», Rrogress in Nuclear Energy, no. 92, pp. 260-266, 2012.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">M.F. López, Numerical Evaluation of Criticality in Debris Beds formed during Severe Accidents in Light Water Reactors, Stuttgart University (Germany), 2021, 176 p. ISSN 0173-6892. URL: http:// dx.doi.org/10.18419/opus-11646 (дата обращения: 28.10.2024).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">M.F. López, Numerical Evaluation of Criticality in Debris Beds formed during Severe Accidents in Light Water Reactors, Stuttgart University (Germany), 2021, 176 p. ISSN 0173-6892. URL: http:// dx.doi.org/10.18419/opus-11646 (data obrascheniya: 28.10.2024).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">K. Nakajima. Issues on Criticality Safety Control of Fuel Debris -Preparation for the Decommissioning of Reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. URL: https://www.aesj.net › document›› Vol2_22_191-198_web (дата обращения: 28.10.2024).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">K. Nakajima. Issues on Criticality Safety Control of Fuel Debris -Preparation for the Decommissioning of Reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. URL: https://www.aesj.net › document›› Vol2_22_191-198_web (data obrascheniya: 28.10.2024).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">H. Okuno, K. Suyama, Tonoike et. al. «Second version of data collection part of nuclear criticality safety handbook (Contract Research). Technical report», Japan Atomic Energy Agency. URL: https:// jopss.jaea.go.jp/search/servlet/search?5018398&amp;language=1 (дата обращения: 28.10.2024).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">H. Okuno, K. Suyama, Tonoike et. al. «Second version of data collection part of nuclear criticality safety handbook (Contract Research). Technical report», Japan Atomic Energy Agency. URL: https:// jopss.jaea.go.jp/search/servlet/search?5018398&amp;language=1 (data obrascheniya: 28.10.2024).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Асмолов В.Ф., Абалин С.С., Бешта С.В. и др. Расплав. Удержание расплавленных материалов активной зоны водоохлаждаемых реакторов. РЭА. Москва, 2018. 562 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asmolov V.F., Abalin S.S., Beshta S.V. i dr. Rasplav. Uderzhanie rasplavlennyh materialov aktivnoy zony vodoohlazhdaemyh reaktorov. REA. Moskva, 2018. 562 s.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A.M. Badawi, M. Aboualo, Shaat at al. An investigation of corium in Fukushima Daiichi Unit‑1 accident Applied Radiation and Isotopes, no. 186, pp. 110-264, 2022. URL: https://www.researchgate. net/publication/360647388 (дата обращения: 28.10.2024).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A.M. Badawi, M. Aboualo, Shaat at al. An investigation of corium in Fukushima Daiichi Unit‑1 accident Applied Radiation and Isotopes, no. 186, pp. 110-264, 2022. URL: https://www.researchgate. net/publication/360647388 (data obrascheniya: 28.10.2024).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">NEA OECD. Benchmark Study of the Accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Summary Report. NEA/CSNI/R 18. – NEA OECD, 2015, 53 p.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">NEA OECD. Benchmark Study of the Accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Summary Report. NEA/CSNI/R 18. – NEA OECD, 2015, 53 p.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рыжов С.Н., Богданова Е.В., Рыжов А.А. и др. Анализ методов и технологий оценки состава кориума, образовавшегося в результате аварии на АЭС «Фукусима Дайити»//Глобальная ядерная безопасность. 2022. No. 3(44). С. 5-21.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryzhov S.N., Bogdanova E.V., Ryzhov A.A. i dr. Analiz metodov i tehnologiy ocenki sostava koriuma, obrazovavshegosya v rezul'tate avarii na AES «Fukusima Dayiti»//Global'naya yadernaya bezopasnost'. 2022. No. 3(44). S. 5-21.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">K. Fueda, R. Takami, K. Minomo at al., «Volatilization of B4C control rods in Fukushima Daiichi nuclear reactors during meltdown: B–Li isotopic signatures in cesium-rich microparticles», Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 428, April 2022, pp. 128-214.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">K. Fueda, R. Takami, K. Minomo at al., «Volatilization of B4C control rods in Fukushima Daiichi nuclear reactors during meltdown: B–Li isotopic signatures in cesium-rich microparticles», Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 428, April 2022, pp. 128-214.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">New submersion method added as option to aid Fukushima. URL: https://english.kyodonews.net/ news/2022/09/f07c0d719b85-new-submersion-method-added-as-option-to-aid-fukushima-debriscleanup. html (дата обращения: 28.10.2024).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">New submersion method added as option to aid Fukushima. URL: https://english.kyodonews.net/ news/2022/09/f07c0d719b85-new-submersion-method-added-as-option-to-aid-fukushima-debriscleanup. html (data obrascheniya: 28.10.2024).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
