<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ANRI</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">ANRI</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>АНРИ (Аппаратура и Новости Радиационных Измерений)</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2075-1338</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">57693</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37414/2075-1338-2023-112-1-3-16</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Научные статьи</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Scientific article</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Научные статьи</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Scintillators for Precision y-Spectrometers</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Сцинтилляторы для прецизионных y-спектрометров</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Белоусов</surname>
       <given-names>Максим П.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Belousov</surname>
       <given-names>Maksim P.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Игнатьев</surname>
       <given-names>Олег В.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Ignat'ev</surname>
       <given-names>Oleg V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>ignatyev47@gmail.com</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский федеральный университет</institution>
     <city>Екатеринбург</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Ural Federal University</institution>
     <city>Ekaterinburg</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский федеральный университет</institution>
     <city>Екатеринбург</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Ural Federal University</institution>
     <city>Ekaterinburg</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-13T17:36:02+03:00">
    <day>13</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-13T17:36:02+03:00">
    <day>13</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>3</fpage>
   <lpage>16</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-03-13T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>13</day>
     <month>03</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://doza.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/57693/view">https://doza.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/57693/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В статье анализируются возможности применения современных сцинтилляторов, обеспечивающих относительное энергетическое разрешение по y-линии 137Cs ER662keV ≤ 5%. Прецизионные гамма-спектрометры актуальны для применения в технологических процессах атомной промышленности, на атомных электростанциях для мониторинга активности воздуха, сбросных вод и прилегающих территорий и т. п.&#13;
Сейчас известны 36 сцинтилляционных кристаллов, удовлетворяющих вышеобозначенному требованию. Из них только 8 производятся промышленностью. Семь кристаллов являются кандидатами для освоения в промышленном производстве. Остальные мало пригодны для практического применения из-за малого световыхода LY (Cs2NaGdCl6:Ce, Tl2LiYCl6:Ce и TlCaCl3, например). Кристаллы с Eu-активатором обладают высоким световыходом (LY = 60÷100 ph§MeV) и низким значением нелинейности световыхода (NLY = 7÷10%) в широком диапазоне энергий электронов, что крайне важно для спектрометрии «мягкого» y-излучения (ER662keV ≤ 10%). Из-за высокого самопоглощения света эти сцинтилляторы теряют свои преимущества в диапазоне энергий Ey = 200÷3000 кэВ.&#13;
В статье показано, что среди сцинтилляторов, пригодных для одновременной регистрации гамма- и нейтронного излучений, более предпочтительны кристаллы, содержащие 6Li.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The article analyzes the possibilities of using modern scintillators that provide a relative energy resolution along the y-line of 137Cs ER662keV ≤ 5%. Precision gamma spectrometers are relevant for use in technological processes of the nuclear industry, at nuclear power plants for monitoring the activity of air, waste water and adjacent areas, etc.&#13;
Now 36 scintillation crystals are known that meet the above mentioned requirement. Of these, only 8 are produced by industry. Seven crystals are candidates for development in industrial production. The rest are hardly suitable for practical use due to the low light yield of LY (Cs2NaGdCl6:Ce, Tl2LiYCl6:Ce and TlCaCl3, for example). Eu-activated crystals have a high light output (LY = 60÷100 ph/MeV) and a low light output nonlinearity (NLY = 7÷10%) in a wide range of electron energies, which is extremely important for the spectrometry of “soft” y-radiation (ER662keV ≤ 10%). Due to the high self-absorption of light, these scintillators lose their advantages in the energy range Ey = 200÷3000 keV.&#13;
The article shows that among the scintillators suitable for the simultaneous detection of gamma and neutron radiation, crystals containing 6Li are more preferable.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>сцинтилляторы</kwd>
    <kwd>фотоумножитель</kwd>
    <kwd>относительное энергетическое разрешение</kwd>
    <kwd>собственное разрешение</kwd>
    <kwd>световыход</kwd>
    <kwd>нелинейность световыхода</kwd>
    <kwd>постоянные высвечивания</kwd>
    <kwd>самопоглощение</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>scintillators</kwd>
    <kwd>photomultiplier</kwd>
    <kwd>relative energy resolution</kwd>
    <kwd>intrinsic resolution</kwd>
    <kwd>light output</kwd>
    <kwd>non-linearity of light output</kwd>
    <kwd>constant emission</kwd>
    <kwd>self-absorption</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">S.E. Derenzo, Scintillation Properties Database. 2019. URL: http://scintillator.lbl.gov (дата обращения: 10.09.2021).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">S.E. Derenzo, Scintillation Properties Database. 2019. URL: http://scintillator.lbl.gov (data obrascheniya: 10.09.2021).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">M. Grodzicka, M. Moszynski, T. Szczesniak, W. Czarnacki, M. Szawlowski, L. Swiderski, L. Kazmierczak, K. Grodzicki, «Characterization of CsI:Tl at a wide temperature range (-40 °C to +22 °C)», Nucl. Instrum. and Meth. in Physics Research, A 707, pp. 73-79, 2013.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">M. Grodzicka, M. Moszynski, T. Szczesniak, W. Czarnacki, M. Szawlowski, L. Swiderski, L. Kazmierczak, K. Grodzicki, «Characterization of CsI:Tl at a wide temperature range (-40 °C to +22 °C)», Nucl. Instrum. and Meth. in Physics Research, A 707, pp. 73-79, 2013.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">M. Belousov, M. Gorbunov, O. Ignatyev, A. Krymov, A. Kupchinsky, S. Morozov, A. Pulin, «Perspectives of CsI:Tl Crystals in g-Spectrometers for Nuclear Plants», ANRY, no. 2 (105), pp. 24-40, 2021.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">M. Belousov, M. Gorbunov, O. Ignatyev, A. Krymov, A. Kupchinsky, S. Morozov, A. Pulin, «Perspectives of CsI:Tl Crystals in g-Spectrometers for Nuclear Plants», ANRY, no. 2 (105), pp. 24-40, 2021.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Z. Yan, T. Shalapska, E.D. Bourret. «Czochralski growth of the mixed halides BaBrCl and BaBrCl:Eu», Journal of Crystal. Growth, no. 435, pp. 42-45, 2016.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Z. Yan, T. Shalapska, E.D. Bourret. «Czochralski growth of the mixed halides BaBrCl and BaBrCl:Eu», Journal of Crystal. Growth, no. 435, pp. 42-45, 2016.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A.I. Rusakov, A.A. Shalaev, R.Yu. Shendrik, A.S. Myasnikova, A.K. Subanakov, «Growth and spectroscopy of BaBrI crystals activated by Eu2+ ions», AIP Conference Proceedings 2069, 020002, 8 p., 2019.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A.I. Rusakov, A.A. Shalaev, R.Yu. Shendrik, A.S. Myasnikova, A.K. Subanakov, «Growth and spectroscopy of BaBrI crystals activated by Eu2+ ions», AIP Conference Proceedings 2069, 020002, 8 p., 2019.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">G. Bizarri, E.D. Bourret-Courchesne, Z. Yan, S.E. Derenzo. «Scintillation and Optical Properties of BaBrI:Eu2+ and CsBa2I5:Eu2+», IEEE Trans. on Nucl. Science, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 3403-3410, 2011.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">G. Bizarri, E.D. Bourret-Courchesne, Z. Yan, S.E. Derenzo. «Scintillation and Optical Properties of BaBrI:Eu2+ and CsBa2I5:Eu2+», IEEE Trans. on Nucl. Science, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 3403-3410, 2011.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">U. Shirwadkar, R. Hawrami, J. Glodo, E.V.D. van Loef, K.S. Shah. «Promising Alkaline Earth Halide Scintillators for Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy», IEEE Tran. on Nucl. Science, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 1011-1015, 2013.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">U. Shirwadkar, R. Hawrami, J. Glodo, E.V.D. van Loef, K.S. Shah. «Promising Alkaline Earth Halide Scintillators for Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy», IEEE Tran. on Nucl. Science, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 1011-1015, 2013.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Z. Yan, G. Gundiah, G.A. Bizarri, E.C. Samulon, S.E. Derenzo, E.D. Bourret-Courchesne, «Eu2+activated BaCl2, BaBr2 and BaI2 scintillators revisited», Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Physics Research, A 735, pp. 83-87, 2014.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Z. Yan, G. Gundiah, G.A. Bizarri, E.C. Samulon, S.E. Derenzo, E.D. Bourret-Courchesne, «Eu2+activated BaCl2, BaBr2 and BaI2 scintillators revisited», Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Physics Research, A 735, pp. 83-87, 2014.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">E.D. Bourret-Courchesnen, G.A. Bizarri, R. Borade, G.Gundiah, E.C. Samulon, Z. Yan, S.E. Derenzo, «Crystal growth and characterization of alkali-earth halide scintillators», Journal of Crystal Growth, no. 352, pp. 78-83, 2012.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">E.D. Bourret-Courchesnen, G.A. Bizarri, R. Borade, G.Gundiah, E.C. Samulon, Z. Yan, S.E. Derenzo, «Crystal growth and characterization of alkali-earth halide scintillators», Journal of Crystal Growth, no. 352, pp. 78-83, 2012.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">F.G.A. Quaratia, P. Dorenbos, J. van der Biezen et al., «Scintillation and detection characteristics of high-sensitivity CeBr3 gamma-ray spectrometers», Nucl. Instrum. and Meth. in Physics Research A 729, pp. 596-604, 2013.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">F.G.A. Quaratia, P. Dorenbos, J. van der Biezen et al., «Scintillation and detection characteristics of high-sensitivity CeBr3 gamma-ray spectrometers», Nucl. Instrum. and Meth. in Physics Research A 729, pp. 596-604, 2013.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">K.S. Shah, J. Glodo, W. Higgins et al., «CeBr3 scintillators for gamma-ray spectroscopy», IEEE Trans. on Nuclear Science, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 3157-3159, 2006.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">K.S. Shah, J. Glodo, W. Higgins et al., «CeBr3 scintillators for gamma-ray spectroscopy», IEEE Trans. on Nuclear Science, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 3157-3159, 2006.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">P. Guss, M.E. Foster, B.M. Wong et al., «Results for aliovalent doping of CeBr3 with Ca2+». J. Appl. Phys., 115, 034908, pp. 1-10, 2014.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">P. Guss, M.E. Foster, B.M. Wong et al., «Results for aliovalent doping of CeBr3 with Ca2+». J. Appl. Phys., 115, 034908, pp. 1-10, 2014.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">E.V.D. van Loef, P. Dorenbos, C.W.E. van Eijk, «Scintillation properties of LaCl3:Ce3+ crystals: fast, efficient, and high-energy resolution scintillators», IEEE Trans. on Nuclear Science, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 341-345, 2001.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">E.V.D. van Loef, P. Dorenbos, C.W.E. van Eijk, «Scintillation properties of LaCl3:Ce3+ crystals: fast, efficient, and high-energy resolution scintillators», IEEE Trans. on Nuclear Science, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 341-345, 2001.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A. Burger, E. Rowe, M. Groza, et al., «Cesium hafnium chloride: A high light yield, non-hygroscopic cubic crystal scintillator for gamma spectroscopy», Appl. Phys. Lett., 107, 143505, pp. 1-3, 2015.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A. Burger, E. Rowe, M. Groza, et al., «Cesium hafnium chloride: A high light yield, non-hygroscopic cubic crystal scintillator for gamma spectroscopy», Appl. Phys. Lett., 107, 143505, pp. 1-3, 2015.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">J. Glodo, E. van Loef, R. Hawrami, W.M. Higgins, A. Churilov, U. Shirwadkar, K.S. Shah, «Selected properties of Cs2LiYCl6, Cs2LiLaCl6, and Cs2LiLaBr6 scintillators», IEEE Trans. on Nuclear Science, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 333-338, 2011.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">J. Glodo, E. van Loef, R. Hawrami, W.M. Higgins, A. Churilov, U. Shirwadkar, K.S. Shah, «Selected properties of Cs2LiYCl6, Cs2LiLaCl6, and Cs2LiLaBr6 scintillators», IEEE Trans. on Nuclear Science, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 333-338, 2011.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">U. Shirwadkar, J. Glodo, E.V. van Loef, R. Hawrami, S. Mukhopadhyay, A. Churilov, W.M. Higgins, K.S. Shah, Scintillation properties of Cs2LiLaBr6 (CLLB) crystals with varying Ce3+ concentration», Nucl. Instrum. and Meth. in Physics Research, A 652, pp. 268-270, 2011.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">U. Shirwadkar, J. Glodo, E.V. van Loef, R. Hawrami, S. Mukhopadhyay, A. Churilov, W.M. Higgins, K.S. Shah, Scintillation properties of Cs2LiLaBr6 (CLLB) crystals with varying Ce3+ concentration», Nucl. Instrum. and Meth. in Physics Research, A 652, pp. 268-270, 2011.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">E.C. Samulon, G. Gundiah, M. Gascón, I.V. Khodyuk, S.E. Derenzo, G.A. Bizarri, E.D. Bourret-Courchesne, «Luminescence and scintillation properties of Ce3+-activated Cs2NaGdCl6, Cs3GdCl6, Cs2NaGdBr6 and Cs3GdBr6», Journal of Luminescence, no. 153, pp. 64-72, 2014.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">E.C. Samulon, G. Gundiah, M. Gascón, I.V. Khodyuk, S.E. Derenzo, G.A. Bizarri, E.D. Bourret-Courchesne, «Luminescence and scintillation properties of Ce3+-activated Cs2NaGdCl6, Cs3GdCl6, Cs2NaGdBr6 and Cs3GdBr6», Journal of Luminescence, no. 153, pp. 64-72, 2014.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">G. Gundiah, K. Brennan, Z. Yana, E.C. Samulon, G. Wub, G.A. Bizarri, S.E. Derenzo, E.D. Bourret-Courchesne, «Structure and scintillation properties of Ce3+-activated Cs2NaLaCl6, Cs3LaCl6, Cs2NaLaBr6, Cs3LaBr6, Cs2NaLaI6 and Cs3LaI6», Journal of Luminescence, no. 149, pp. 374-384, 2014.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">G. Gundiah, K. Brennan, Z. Yana, E.C. Samulon, G. Wub, G.A. Bizarri, S.E. Derenzo, E.D. Bourret-Courchesne, «Structure and scintillation properties of Ce3+-activated Cs2NaLaCl6, Cs3LaCl6, Cs2NaLaBr6, Cs3LaBr6, Cs2NaLaI6 and Cs3LaI6», Journal of Luminescence, no. 149, pp. 374-384, 2014.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">E.D. Bourret-Courchesne, G. Bizarri, R. Borade, Z. Yan, S.M. Hanrahan, G. Gundiah, A. Chaudhry, A. Canning, S.E. Derenzo, «Eu2+-doped Ba2CsI5, a new high-performance scintillator», Nucl. Instrum. and Meth. in Physics Research, A 612, pp. 138-142, 2009.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">E.D. Bourret-Courchesne, G. Bizarri, R. Borade, Z. Yan, S.M. Hanrahan, G. Gundiah, A. Chaudhry, A. Canning, S.E. Derenzo, «Eu2+-doped Ba2CsI5, a new high-performance scintillator», Nucl. Instrum. and Meth. in Physics Research, A 612, pp. 138-142, 2009.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">M.S. Alekhin, D.A. Biner, K.W. Krämer, P. Dorenbos, «Optical and scintillation properties of CsBa2I5:Eu2+», Journal of Luminescence, no. 145, pp. 723-728, 2014.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">M.S. Alekhin, D.A. Biner, K.W. Krämer, P. Dorenbos, «Optical and scintillation properties of CsBa2I5:Eu2+», Journal of Luminescence, no. 145, pp. 723-728, 2014.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B21">
    <label>21.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">L. Stand, M. Zhuravleva, B. Chakoumakos, J. Johnson, A. Lindsey, C.L. Melcher, «Scintillation properties of Eu2+-doped KBa2I5 and K2BaI4», Journal of Luminescence, no. 169, pp. 301-307, 2016.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">L. Stand, M. Zhuravleva, B. Chakoumakos, J. Johnson, A. Lindsey, C.L. Melcher, «Scintillation properties of Eu2+-doped KBa2I5 and K2BaI4», Journal of Luminescence, no. 169, pp. 301-307, 2016.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B22">
    <label>22.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A.C. Lindsey, M. Zhuravleva, L. Stand, Y. Wu, C.L. Melcher, «Crystal growth and characterization of europium doped KCaI3, a high light yield scintillator», Optical Materials, no. 48 , pp. 1-6, 2015.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A.C. Lindsey, M. Zhuravleva, L. Stand, Y. Wu, C.L. Melcher, «Crystal growth and characterization of europium doped KCaI3, a high light yield scintillator», Optical Materials, no. 48 , pp. 1-6, 2015.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B23">
    <label>23.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">L. Stand, M. Zhuravleva, H. Wei, C.L. Melcher, «Crystal growth and scintillation properties of potassium strontium bromide», Optical Materials, no. 46, p. 59-63, 2015.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">L. Stand, M. Zhuravleva, H. Wei, C.L. Melcher, «Crystal growth and scintillation properties of potassium strontium bromide», Optical Materials, no. 46, p. 59-63, 2015.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B24">
    <label>24.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">L. Stand, M. Zhuravleva, A. Lindsey, C.L. Melcher, «Potassium Strontium Iodide: A New High Light Yield Scintillator with 2.4% Energy Resolution», Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC), 3 p., 2013.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">L. Stand, M. Zhuravleva, A. Lindsey, C.L. Melcher, «Potassium Strontium Iodide: A New High Light Yield Scintillator with 2.4% Energy Resolution», Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC), 3 p., 2013.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B25">
    <label>25.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">J. Glodo, R. Farrell, E.V.D. van Loef, W.M. Higgins, K.S. Shah, «LaBr2:Pr3+ - A new red-emitting scintillator», 2005 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, pp. 98-101.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">J. Glodo, R. Farrell, E.V.D. van Loef, W.M. Higgins, K.S. Shah, «LaBr2:Pr3+ - A new red-emitting scintillator», 2005 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, pp. 98-101.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B26">
    <label>26.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">E.V.D. van Loef, P. Dorenbos, C.W.E. van Eijk, K.W. Kramer, H.U. Gudel, «Scintillation properties of LaBr3:Ce3+ crystals: fast, efficient and high-energy-resolution scintillators», Nucl. Instrum. and Meth. in Physics Research, A 486, pp. 254-258, 2002.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">E.V.D. van Loef, P. Dorenbos, C.W.E. van Eijk, K.W. Kramer, H.U. Gudel, «Scintillation properties of LaBr3:Ce3+ crystals: fast, efficient and high-energy-resolution scintillators», Nucl. Instrum. and Meth. in Physics Research, A 486, pp. 254-258, 2002.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B27">
    <label>27.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">BrilLanceTM Scintillators Performance Summary, 11 p., 2009.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">BrilLanceTM Scintillators Performance Summary, 11 p., 2009.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B28">
    <label>28.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">P.R. Menge, G. Gautier, A. Iltis, C. Rozsa, V. Solovyev, «Performance of large lanthanum bromide scintillators», Nucl. Instrum. and Meth.in Physics Research A, no. 579, p. 6-10, 2007.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">P.R. Menge, G. Gautier, A. Iltis, C. Rozsa, V. Solovyev, «Performance of large lanthanum bromide scintillators», Nucl. Instrum. and Meth.in Physics Research A, no. 579, p. 6-10, 2007.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B29">
    <label>29.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">M.S. Alekhin, J.T.M. de Haas, I.V. Khodyuk, K.W. Kramer, P.R. Menge, V. Ouspenski, P. Dorenbos, «Improvement of c-ray energy resolution of LaBr3:Ce3+ scintillation detectors by Sr2+ and Ca2+ codoping», Applied Physics Letters, 102, 161915, 4 p., 2013.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">M.S. Alekhin, J.T.M. de Haas, I.V. Khodyuk, K.W. Kramer, P.R. Menge, V. Ouspenski, P. Dorenbos, «Improvement of c-ray energy resolution of LaBr3:Ce3+ scintillation detectors by Sr2+ and Ca2+ codoping», Applied Physics Letters, 102, 161915, 4 p., 2013.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B30">
    <label>30.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">High resolution LBC scintillators. URL: https://www.berkeleynucleonics.com → datasheets. Сайт Berkeley Nucleonics (дата обращения: 25.11.2021).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">High resolution LBC scintillators. URL: https://www.berkeleynucleonics.com → datasheets. Sayt Berkeley Nucleonics (data obrascheniya: 25.11.2021).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B31">
    <label>31.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">L. Soundara-Pandian, R. Hawrami, J. Glodo, E. Ariesanti, E.V. van Loef, K. Shah, «Lithium Alkaline Halides-Next Generation of Dual Mode Scintillators», IEEE Tran. on Nucl. Science, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 490-496, 2016.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">L. Soundara-Pandian, R. Hawrami, J. Glodo, E. Ariesanti, E.V. van Loef, K. Shah, «Lithium Alkaline Halides-Next Generation of Dual Mode Scintillators», IEEE Tran. on Nucl. Science, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 490-496, 2016.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B32">
    <label>32.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">M.D. Birowosuto, P. Dorenbos, C.W.E. van Eijk. «High-light-output scintillator for photodiode readout: LuI3:Ce3+», Journal of Applied Physics, 99, 123520, 4 p., 2006.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">M.D. Birowosuto, P. Dorenbos, C.W.E. van Eijk. «High-light-output scintillator for photodiode readout: LuI3:Ce3+», Journal of Applied Physics, 99, 123520, 4 p., 2006.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B33">
    <label>33.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">I.V. Khodyuk, S.A. Messina, T.J. Hayden, E.D. Bourret, G.A. Bizarri. «Optimization of scintillation performance via a combinatorial multi-element co-doping strategy: Application to NaI:Tl». Journal of Applied Physics, 118, 084901, 6 p., 2015.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">I.V. Khodyuk, S.A. Messina, T.J. Hayden, E.D. Bourret, G.A. Bizarri. «Optimization of scintillation performance via a combinatorial multi-element co-doping strategy: Application to NaI:Tl». Journal of Applied Physics, 118, 084901, 6 p., 2015.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B34">
    <label>34.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">M.D. Birowosuto, Pieter Dorenbos, Johan T.M. de Haas, Carel W.E. van Eijk, K.W. Krämer and H.U. Gudel. IEEE Tran. on Nucl. Science, vol. 55, no. 3, p. 1152-1155, 2008.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">M.D. Birowosuto, Pieter Dorenbos, Johan T.M. de Haas, Carel W.E. van Eijk, K.W. Krämer and H.U. Gudel. IEEE Tran. on Nucl. Science, vol. 55, no. 3, p. 1152-1155, 2008.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B35">
    <label>35.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">P. Dorenbos, J.C. van’t Spijker, O.W.V. Frijns, C.W.E. van Eijk, K. Krgmer, H.U. Giidel, A. Ellens. «Scintillation properties of RbGd2Br7:Ce3+ crystals; fast, efficient, and high density scintillators», Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Physics Research, B 132, pp.728-731, 1997.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">P. Dorenbos, J.C. van’t Spijker, O.W.V. Frijns, C.W.E. van Eijk, K. Krgmer, H.U. Giidel, A. Ellens. «Scintillation properties of RbGd2Br7:Ce3+ crystals; fast, efficient, and high density scintillators», Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Physics Research, B 132, pp.728-731, 1997.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B36">
    <label>36.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">E. Rowe, P. Bhattacharya, E. Tupitsyn, M. Groza, A. Burger, N.J. Cherepy, S.A. Payne, B.W. Sturm, «A New Lanthanide Activator for Iodide Based Scintillators: Yb2+», IEEE Tran. on Nucl. Science, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 1057-1060, 2013.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">E. Rowe, P. Bhattacharya, E. Tupitsyn, M. Groza, A. Burger, N.J. Cherepy, S.A. Payne, B.W. Sturm, «A New Lanthanide Activator for Iodide Based Scintillators: Yb2+», IEEE Tran. on Nucl. Science, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 1057-1060, 2013.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B37">
    <label>37.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">R. Hawrami, E. Ariesanti, H. Wei, J. Finkelstein, J. Glodo, K.S. Shah, «Tl2LaCl5:Ce, high performance scintillator for gamma-ray detectors», Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Physics Research, A 869, pp. 107-109, 2017.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">R. Hawrami, E. Ariesanti, H. Wei, J. Finkelstein, J. Glodo, K.S. Shah, «Tl2LaCl5:Ce, high performance scintillator for gamma-ray detectors», Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Physics Research, A 869, pp. 107-109, 2017.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B38">
    <label>38.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">R. Hawrami, E. Ariesanti, L. Soundara-Pandian, J. Glodo, K.S. Shah. «Tl2LiYCl6:Ce: A new elpasolite scintillator», IEEE Tran. on Nucl. Science, vol. 63, no. 6, p. 2838-2841, 2016.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">R. Hawrami, E. Ariesanti, L. Soundara-Pandian, J. Glodo, K.S. Shah. «Tl2LiYCl6:Ce: A new elpasolite scintillator», IEEE Tran. on Nucl. Science, vol. 63, no. 6, p. 2838-2841, 2016.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B39">
    <label>39.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A. Khan, G. Rooh, H.J. Kim, H. Park, S. Kim. «Intrinsically activated TlCaCl3: A new halide scintillator for radiationdetection», Radiation Measurements, no. 107, pp. 115-118, 2017.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A. Khan, G. Rooh, H.J. Kim, H. Park, S. Kim. «Intrinsically activated TlCaCl3: A new halide scintillator for radiationdetection», Radiation Measurements, no. 107, pp. 115-118, 2017.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B40">
    <label>40.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">H.J. Kim, G. Rooh, A. Khan, H. Parka, S. Kim. «Scintillation performance of the TlSr2I5 (Eu2+) single crystal», Optical Materials, no. 82, p. 7-10, 2018.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">H.J. Kim, G. Rooh, A. Khan, H. Parka, S. Kim. «Scintillation performance of the TlSr2I5 (Eu2+) single crystal», Optical Materials, no. 82, p. 7-10, 2018.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B41">
    <label>41.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шендрик Р.Ю. Методы экспериментальной физики конденсированного состояния. Часть 3. Введение в физику сцинтилляторов. Ч. 1. Учебное пособие. Иркутск: изд-во Иркут. гос. ун-та, 2013. 110 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shendrik R.Yu. Metody eksperimental'noy fiziki kondensirovannogo sostoyaniya. Chast' 3. Vvedenie v fiziku scintillyatorov. Ch. 1. Uchebnoe posobie. Irkutsk: izd-vo Irkut. gos. un-ta, 2013. 110 s.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B42">
    <label>42.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">P.R. Beck, N.J. Cherepy, S.A. Payne et al., «Strontium iodide instrument development for gamma spectroscopy and radioisotope identification», Proc. of SPIE, vol. 9213. September, 9 p., 2014.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">P.R. Beck, N.J. Cherepy, S.A. Payne et al., «Strontium iodide instrument development for gamma spectroscopy and radioisotope identification», Proc. of SPIE, vol. 9213. September, 9 p., 2014.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B43">
    <label>43.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">T. Tanaka, K. Hagiwara, E. Gazzola et al., «Gamma ray spectra from thermal neutron capture on gadolinium-155 and natural gadolinium», Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys., 043D02, 15 p., 2020.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">T. Tanaka, K. Hagiwara, E. Gazzola et al., «Gamma ray spectra from thermal neutron capture on gadolinium-155 and natural gadolinium», Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys., 043D02, 15 p., 2020.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B44">
    <label>44.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">R. Hawrami, A. Farsoni, H. Sabet, D. Szydel. Growth and Evaluation of Improved CsI:Tl and NaI:Tl Scintillators. URL: https://arxiv.org›physics (дата обращения: 15.12.2021).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">R. Hawrami, A. Farsoni, H. Sabet, D. Szydel. Growth and Evaluation of Improved CsI:Tl and NaI:Tl Scintillators. URL: https://arxiv.org›physics (data obrascheniya: 15.12.2021).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
